一、環境安全：預防意外風險
1. 居家環境排查
✅ 安全措施：
Install safety guards on windows (spacing < 10cm), keep balcony doors closed, and prevent infants from climbing and falling.
Set the water heater temperature below 45°C. Place dangerous items such as kettles and induction cookers out of the infant's reach.
Lay non-slip floor mats. Wrap table and cabinet corners with anti-collision strips. Keep sharp furniture outside the infant's activity area.
❌ 禁忌行為：
Never leave the infant alone on high surfaces like changing tables, sofas, or beds—even a momentary absence can cause falls.
Avoid using tablecloths, curtain cords, or other long items in the infant's room to prevent strangulation.
2. 物品管理
✅ 安全操作：
Lock medicines, cleaning agents, and cosmetics in a dedicated cabinet. Return kitchen knives to the locked knife rack after use.
Regularly inspect baby toys to ensure parts are secure (e.g., eyes, buttons cannot be pulled off). Avoid small items with a diameter < 3cm (risk of choking).
❌ 禁忌物品：
Strictly prohibit infants from accessing plastic bags, balloons, gauze, or other items that may block the airway.
Avoid adult bed bumpers and baby pillows (use flat sleeping mats for infants under 1 year) to prevent suffocation from overheating.
二、護理操作：科學規範執行
1. 抱嬰與移動
✅ 正確姿勢：
Support the neck and buttocks when holding newborns; avoid prolonged upright holding (spine not fully developed). After 3 months, try upright holding with the head close to the caregiver's chest.
Ensure the stroller brake is locked before pushing. Use lifting straps or ask for help on stairs; never push the stroller up/down stairs with one hand.
❌ 危險動作：
Never toss the infant high or shake them violently (risk of "shaken baby syndrome" and brain injury).
Avoid carrying the infant with one hand while holding hot soup/heavy objects with the other. Turn and walk steadily.
2. 餵養安全
✅ 科學餵食：
Keep the infant's head slightly elevated during breastfeeding/formula feeding. Hold them upright for 10 - 15 minutes after feeding to burp, preventing spit-up and choking.
Cut solid foods into small pieces (e.g., apple chunks, carrot sticks) during the complementary feeding stage. Avoid choking hazards like peanuts, grapes, and nuts.
❌ 錯誤操作：
Never force-feed when the infant is crying, or use a bottle to soothe emotions (risk of aspiration).
Avoid letting the infant drink nighttime milk while lying flat, which can lead to middle ear infections or tooth decay.
3. 洗澡與皮膚護理
✅ 安全流程：
Fill the tub with cold water first, then add hot water. Check the temperature (38 - 40°C) with the inner elbow. Water level should be below the infant's chest when sitting.
Keep one hand on the infant at all times during bathing (e.g., when reaching for shower gel) to prevent slipping and drowning.
❌ 禁忌事項：
Never use adult bathing products (unsuitable pH for infant skin). Avoid applying talcum powder near the nose and mouth.
Avoid 盆浴 before the umbilical cord falls off. Gently wipe the body with a damp cloth and keep the umbilical area dry.
三、行為規範：遠離潛在風險
1. 睡眠安全
✅ 安全睡姿：
Always place the infant on their back to sleep (prone sleeping increases SIDS risk). Use only a single fitted sheet in the crib; remove blankets, stuffed toys, and other clutter.
Check the infant's condition regularly at night (especially in the first 3 months) to ensure smooth breathing and no dangerous position changes.
❌ 危險習慣：
Never co-sleep with the infant in an adult bed (risk of suffocation from tired parents). Use a crib placed next to the main bed.
Avoid electric blankets, hot water bottles, or other heating devices near the infant to prevent burns or dehydration.
2. 疾病預防與用藥
✅ 基礎護理：
Check the infant's skin daily (e.g., eczema, diaper rash). Change diapers promptly, clean with warm water after bowel movements, and apply diaper cream.
Maintain room temperature at 22 - 24°C. Ventilate regularly (avoid direct drafts). Reduce visitor contact during flu seasons.
❌ 用藥禁忌：
Never give adult medications to infants (e.g., cold medicine, fever reducers must be prescribed by a doctor and dosed by weight).
Never use alcohol to cool a feverish infant (risk of poisoning). Seek medical help immediately if the temperature exceeds 38.5°C.
3. 外出安全
✅ 防護要點：
Always use a rear-facing car seat for infants up to 2 years old. Never leave the infant alone in a vehicle, even for a short time.
Choose shaded areas for outdoor activities to avoid direct sunlight on the eyes. Consult a doctor before applying baby-specific sunscreen to infants under 6 months.
❌ 危險場景：
Refuse strangers' requests to hold the infant, especially in crowded places (e.g., malls, buses). Be alert for abduction risks.
Avoid exposing infants to smoky or noisy environments (e.g., KTV, night markets) to protect their hearing and respiratory system.
應急處理必備知識
異物卡喉：立即實施「海姆立克急救法」（嬰兒需用掌根拍打背部 5 次，再壓胸 5 次循環），同時撥打急救電話。
Choking: Immediately perform the Heimlich maneuver (for infants: 5 back slaps with the heel of the hand, then 5 chest thrusts). Call emergency services simultaneously.
燙傷處理：立即用流動冷水沖洗 15-20 分鐘，脫去衣物（粘連處保留），覆蓋無菌紗布送醫，嚴禁塗抹牙膏、醬油。
Burns: Rinse with cool running water for 15 - 20 minutes. Remove clothing (leave stuck fabric in place). Cover with sterile gauze and seek medical help. Never apply toothpaste or soy sauce.
建議雇主與外傭共同學習嬰幼兒急救課程，貼近嬰兒活動區張貼急救中心電話與流程圖，確保緊急情況下反應及時。通過「每日檢查表」（如睡前環境安全確認、餵食記錄）強化外傭風險意識，最大限度保障嬰兒安全。
